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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it will become a target, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each of the files that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some goods store your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a file into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to offer secure deletion official source as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products accumulated here support AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.